Rate of Radioactive Decay Worked Example Problem

Rate of Radioactive Decay Worked Example Problem You can use the equation of the rate of radioactive decay to find how much of an isotope is left after a specified length of time. Here is an example of how to set up and work the problem. Problem 22688Ra, a common isotope of radium, has a half-life of 1620 years. Knowing this, calculate the first order rate constant for the decay of radium-226 and the fraction of a sample of this isotope remaining after 100 years. Solution The rate of radioactive decay is expressed by the relationship: k 0.693/t1/2 where k is the rate and t1/2 is the half-life. Plugging in the half-life given in the problem: k 0.693/1620 years 4.28 x 10-4/year Radioactive decay is a first order rate reaction, so the expression for the rate is: log10 X0/X kt/2.30 where X0 is the quantity of radioactive substance at zero time (when the counting process starts) and X is the quantity remaining after time t. k is the first order rate constant, a characteristic of the isotope that is decaying. Plugging in the values: log10 X0/X (4.28 x 10-4/year)/2.30 x 100 years 0.0186 Taking antilogs: X0/X 1/1.044 0.958 95.8% of the isotope remains

Trámites para solicitar el asilo político en EE.UU.

Trmites para solicitar el asilo polà ­tico en EE.UU. Solicitar y obtener el asilo polà ­tico permite que personas extranjeras puedan quedarse a vivir en Estados Unidos y ganar estatus legal. Con el paso del tiempo puede obtener una tarjeta de residencia permanente –green card– y despuà ©s, si se desea, la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense. Sin embargo, una nueva polà ­tica anunciada por el gobierno del presidente Donald Trump y con fecha de entrada en vigor del 16 de julio de 2019 limita grandemente quià ©nes pueden solicitar asilo en la frontera terrestre que separa Estados Unidos y Mà ©xico, como se explica ms abajo. Causas para solicitar el asilo en Estados Unidos Puede solicitar asilo polà ­tico cualquier persona que teme, con fundamento, que pueda ser perseguida o ya ha sufrido persecucià ³n por razà ³n de: su razanacionalidadreligià ³nopinià ³n polà ­ticapor pertenecer a un determinado grupo social Si no se cumple con ninguna de estas causas, todavà ­a hay otras opciones migratorias para las và ­ctimas de: asalto sexualviolencia que califica para la visa Utrfico humano (visa T)violencia domà ©stica por ley que se conoce como VAWAprograma SIJ para nià ±os y jà ³venes solteros menores de 21 aà ±os que sufren abuso, negligencia o abandono. Dà ³nde y cundo se solicita el asilo Para solicitar el asilo es requisito imprescindible que el solicitante se encuentre presencia en Estados Unidos o en una de sus fronteras. Sin embargo, a partir del 16 de julio de 2019 todos los migrantes que se presentan en la frontera terrestre de Estados Unidos con Mà ©xico y solicitan asilo sern rechazados, excepto en dos excepciones. En primer lugar, se aceptar la peticià ³n de asilo de aquellos migrantes que puedan demostrar que pidieron asilo en al menos un tercer paà ­s por el que hayan pasado previamente y dicha solicitud fue rechazada. Y, en segundo lugar, se aceptar para su tramitacià ³n –que no quiere decir aprobacià ³n– la solicitud de migrantes que pueden probar que han sido và ­ctimas de una forma severa de trfico humano. Esta nueva polà ­tica afecta los migrantes de todas las nacionalidades que se presentan en la frontera terrestre sur de EE.UU y solicitan asilo, excepto mexicanos y canadienses, que son vecinos geogrficamente y, por lo tanto, no estar obligados a pedir asilo previamente en un tercer paà ­s. Sin embargo, sà ­ que afecta a los mexicanos que se presentan en una frontera marà ­tima. Por ejemplo, un salvadoreà ±o que sale de su paà ­s por và ­a terrestre con el fin de llegar a EE.UU. est obligado a pedir asilo en Guatemala o Mà ©xico antes que en EE.UU. ya que en la frontera estadounidense solo se aceptar su solicitud si: se cumplen los requisitos para el asilopuede demostrar que aplicà ³ en al menos un paà ­s por el que transità ³ y su aplicacià ³n no ha sido aceptada. Si eso no es asà ­, el oficial de migracià ³n de EE.UU. no aceptar una aplicacià ³n de asilo en la frontera estadounidense. Adems, las personas que ya se encuentran en EE.UU. podrn solicitar asilo antes de que pase un aà ±o a contar desde el dà ­a de la à ºltima entrada al paà ­s. Sin embargo, existen excepciones a esta à ºltima regla. Por ejemplo, si una persona ha entrado hace ms de 365 dà ­as y en su paà ­s de origen se produce un cambio de rà ©gimen que lo pone en peligro si regresa, puede entonces solicitar el asilo. Son lo que se llama circunstancias excepcionales o cambiantes. Obligacià ³n de esperar en Mà ©xico Una de las novedades en materia migratoria impuestas por el gobierno del presidente Donald Trump es el Programa de Protocolo de Proteccià ³n al Migrante, conocido por sus iniciales MPP o por Permanecer en Mà ©xico. Segà ºn este programa que comenzà ³ a implementarse en enero de 2019 en el Puerto de Entrada de San Ysidro y se ha extendido a otros puntos de a frontera sur, los solicitantes de asilo en la frontera que no pasan la entrevista de miedo creà ­ble efectuada en persona, por telà ©fono o videoconferencia con un oficial de USCIS, son puestos en un procedimiento de remocià ³n y deben esperar en Mà ©xico mientras esperan su caso. Estas personas reciben una carta en la que se le notifica quà © dà ­a deben presentarse en la entrada del paso migratorio a EE.UU. para ser escoltados por oficiales de ICE a corte migratoria, para decidir sobre master calendar de su procedimiento. Ante esa Corte es donde deben luchar para ganar su caso de asilo. Tipos de solicitud de asilo   Hay dos posibles caminos para pedir asilo: el afirmativo, que decide el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a, (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) y el defensivo, que se tiene lugar en corte judicial. Proceso afirmativo de asilo ante USCIS Como regla general, debe esperarse un proceso largo en el que deben llenarse formularios y presentar un buen argumento de las razones para que el asilo sea aprobado. El  formulario I-589 es el que se utiliza para solicitar el asilo.  Una vez que se pone en marcha el proceso se recibir una carta del USCIS notificando la apertura del caso y su identificacià ³n con un nombre. El solicitante de asilo recibir ms tarde una carta para presentarse en un Centro de Apoyo a Aplicaciones para sacar las huellas digitales y otros datos biomà ©tricos. Si la persona que solicita el asilo incluye en su peticià ³n a su cà ³nyuge y/o hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os y estos estn en USA, debern tambià ©n presentarse para esa cita. Posteriormente, el solicitante de asilo recibir una carta en la que se fija el dà ­a y el lugar para una entrevista con un oficial del USCIS. Es muy conveniente ir acompaà ±ado de un abogado y preparar la entrevista de tal manera que todo lo que se conteste guarde consistencia con lo que se afirmà ³ en la carta de solicitud de asilo. Adems, si estn en USA el cà ³nyuge y/o hijos para los que se pide un asilo derivado, tambià ©n deben presentarse. Por à ºltimo, llevar testigos, si los hay y pueden ayudar al caso y toda la documentacià ³n que apoye el caso y sirva para identificarse, original y una copia traducida al inglà ©s. A continuacià ³n, el oficial que realiza la entrevista llega a una decisià ³n, que debe ser supervisada por su superior. En algunos casos habr internamente dentro del USCIS otra revisià ³n, pero son casos excepcionales. Finalmente, USCIS comunica la decisià ³n, bien en persona al solicitante que debe presentarse de nuevo en una oficina del USCIS o bien por carta. Si el asilo es aprobado, se puede trabajar y permanecer en Estados Unidos, solicitar un Nà ºmero del Seguro Social, sacar la licencia de manejar, y se podrà ­a tener derecho a ciertos beneficios sociales como Medicaid, SNAP o TANF.   Sin embargo, la peticià ³n puede ser denegada por cualquiera de las siguientes causas: no se reà ºnen las condiciones para ser considerado asilado por no probar miedo creà ­ble.porque se ha cometido cierto tipo de delitos graves o se es considerado un peligro a la seguridad nacional, como por ejemplo formar parte de pandillas.porque se estaba asentado de manera firme en un tercer paà ­s antes de venir a los Estados Unidospor no cumplirse con los requisitos de plazos (1 aà ±o desde la à ºltima llegada al paà ­s para solicitar) o porque previamente ya una corte lo habà ­a denegado y no hay cambios excepcionales. Si la solicitud de asilo es negada y el solicitante carece de estatus migratorio legal el USCIS lo envà ­a ante el sistema de Cortes de Inmigracià ³n donde se abre un proceso de deportacià ³n (removal proceedings) y se analizar de nuevo si tiene derecho al asilo, en lo que se conoce como procedimiento defensivo. Proceso defensivo los requisitos para asilo ante corte En el proceso defensivo de la solicitud de asilo el solicitante tiene abierto en su contra un procedimiento de deportacià ³n o de expulsià ³n inmediata  (removal proceedings). Esto sucede en varios casos. Por ejemplo: cuando el USCIS deniega una peticià ³n de asilo (tipo afirmativo) a una persona que no tiene estatus legal.cuando una persona indocumentada es detenida o es  agarrada intentando ingresar ilegalmente la frontera y  en ese momento solicita asilo.cuando una persona realiza una solicitud de asilo al llegar a un puerto de ingreso a EE.UU. y, despuà ©s de una entrevista con un oficial de USCIS, este determina que no ha pasado satisfactoriamente la entrevista de miedo creà ­ble. El juez puede conceder la peticià ³n de asilo o denegarla. En este à ºltimo caso, la decisià ³n se puede apelar. Si la solicitud se considera que fue frà ­vola, la persona que la presentà ³ no podr regresar a EE.UU. siguiendo un conducto legal. Si se agota la apelacià ³n sin que el asilo se conceda, el extranjero debe abandonar Estados Unidos, a menos que pueda conseguir algà ºn tipo de proteccià ³n, como un withholding of removal o una proteccià ³n bajo el acuerdo contra la tortura (CAT, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Asilo para los familiares inmediatos   El esposo o la mujer y los hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os de una persona a la que se le aprueba la peticià ³n de asilo pueden tambià ©n beneficiarse de ese mismo estatus, tanto si ya estn en ese momento en Estados Unidos como si estn en otro paà ­s. En ambos casos lo que tiene que hacer la persona que gana el asilo es llenar una aplicacià ³n I-730 (following-to-join) por cada uno de los miembros de su familia que reà ºnen esas condiciones. Tiene dos aà ±os para hacerlo y el plazo comienza a contar desde el dà ­a en que se le aprobà ³ la solicitud. Adems, la relacià ³n ya tiene que existir en el momento en que se aprueba la solicitud de asilo. Por ejemplo, en el caso de matrimonio, tiene que ser anterior. Cabe destacar que segà ºn las leyes federales de los Estados Unidos pueden obtener beneficios migratorios por razà ³n de matrimonio tanto los matrimonios entre un hombre y una mujer como los de gays y lesbianas. Cà ³mo conseguir un permiso de trabajo Por lo general, mientras se tramita la solicitud de asilo en Estados Unidos no se tiene permiso de trabajo. Sin embargo, puede solicitarse si han pasado ms de 150 dà ­as desde que se realizà ³ la solicitud y no ha habido una resolucià ³n del caso. Pero lo fundamental es entender cà ³mo se computan esos dà ­as. En la prctica el permiso de trabajo puede tardar mucho ms. Si el USCIS concede la solicitud, tramitar directamente la autorizacià ³n (EAD, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Si el asilo lo concede un juez de inmigracià ³n o una corte de apelaciones entonces se podr solicitar el EAD al USCIS. Si se tienen dudas de cà ³mo hacerlo, se puede solicitar una cita con el servicio de inmigracià ³n a travà ©s de Info Pass. En todo caso en el momento en el que a una persona se le concede el estatus de asilado esa persona adquiere el derecho a trabajar legalmente en Estados Unidos. Es decir, el EAD no es necesario, pero puede pedirse para utilizarlo como un I.D. Beneficios sociales Mientras se tramita el asilo algunos estados consideran a los solicitantes como PRUCOL. En estos casos tienen derechos a algunos beneficios sociales si reà ºnen los requisitos.   Cà ³mo obtener la green card Las personas a las que se le ha reconocido el estatus de asilados pueden solicitar un ajuste de estatus y la correspondiente tarjeta de residencia, conocida como green card. Para ello deben cumplir con una serie de requisitos como haber residido fà ­sicamente en Estados Unidos por al menos un aà ±o, seguir sufriendo la condicià ³n que lo ha convertido en asilado y cumplir con los requisitos necesarios para convertirse en emigrante legal en Estados Unidos. A los cuatro aà ±os de la fecha de obtencià ³n de la tarjeta de residencia pueden solicitar la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n. Viajar al extranjero mientras se es asilado Se recomienda solicitar unos 60 dà ­as antes de viajar un documento para viajar rellenando el formulario I-131, que es vlido por un aà ±o. Se puede salir de Estados Unidos sin esperar por la entrega del documento. Se puede solicitar que envà ­e a una oficina consular y recogerlo allà ­. En cuanto a viajar al paà ­s de origen, es algo que se puede hacer, pero con prudencia, ya que Estados Unidos puede considerar que hubo un fraude en la solicitud de asilo o que las circunstancias que motivaron su peticià ³n ya no existen y, por lo tanto, ya no cumple las condiciones para ser considerado un asilado. Estadà ­sticas latinoamericanos y asilo en EE.UU. No hay cifras oficiales del nà ºmero total de casos de asilo aprobados. Sin embargo, sà ­ hay datos parciales que se obtienen a partir de las decisiones dictadas por cortes de inmigracià ³n. Estn excluidos de dichos datos las resoluciones sobre asilo acordadas por oficiales de USCIS. Segà ºn Syracuse University, en el aà ±o fiscal 2018, las cortes migratorias de EE.UU. decidieron un total de 42.228 casos de asilo, de los cuales negaron la solicitud un 65 por ciento de las veces. En otras palabras, las cortes solo aprobaron el 35 por ciento de los casos. En cuanto a los solicitante de origen latinoamericano, las cortes decidieron sobre un total de 8.232 casos en los que los solicitantes procedà ­an de El Salvador, aprobando el 23,5 por ciento de los mismos, es decir, 1.935 salvadoreà ±os obtuvieron el asilo en corte. Se resolvieron 6.240 casos afectando a hondureà ±os, aprobndose el 21,2 por ciento de los mismos, es decir, 1.323. Se decidieron 6.052 casos de guatemaltecos, aprobndose el 18,8 por ciento de los mismos, lo cual supone 1.138 casos ganados. Y se resolvieron 5.379 casos de mexicanos, aprobndose el 14,5 por ciento, es decir 780. Cabe destacar que en algunos casos en los que se negà ³ el asilo, se autorizà ³ a permanecer en Estados Unidos aplicando alguna forma de alivio a la deportacià ³n, especialmente en el caso de ciudadanos de El Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras. Asimismo, resaltar que aunque no se cuenta con datos oficiales, se estima que USCIS aprueba un nà ºmero destacable de solicitudes de asilo presentadas por menores procedentes de esos tres paà ­ses de Centroamà ©rica. Los datos de aprobacià ³n y negacià ³n de solicitudes de asilo por pueden consultarse por nacionalidad del solicitante y corte en una herramienta creada por la Universidad de Syracuse. Asilo polà ­tico en EE.UU. Para solicitar y obtener el asilo polà ­tico en EE.UU. es necesario persecucià ³n pasada o miedo creà ­ble de ser perseguido si se regresa al paà ­s de origen por razà ³n de raza, nacionalidad, religià ³n, opinià ³n polà ­tica o membresà ­a en un determinado grupo.El asilo polà ­tico debe solicitarse en la frontera de EE.UU. o, en determinadas circunstancias especiales, estando ya presente en el interior del paà ­s. Una nueva polà ­tica del presidente Trump obliga a los migrantes que llegan a la frontera terrestre de Mà ©xico con EE.UU. a demostrar que han solicitado asilo en al menos un tercer paà ­s antes de aceptar su solicitud de asilo. Las à ºnicas nacionalidades excluidas son los mexicanos y los canadienses, por razones geogrficas.El asilo polà ­tico puede ser afirmativo, ante el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a, o defensivo, ante Corte migratoria.En caso de obtener el asilo, los familiares inmediatos podrn tambià ©n beneficiase.La obtencià ³n del as ilo es un trampolà ­n hacia la tarjeta de residencia y, si se desea, hacia la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n. Este artà ­culo es solo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Extinction of Species Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Extinction of Species - Research Paper Example The recent times have shown alarming increase in the extinction rates and the speed at which the endangered species are falling victim to the human activities. Considering this, need is felt for creating awareness, and taking solid steps in this regard to promote eco friendly activities and protect the wild life for activities as such that endanger them directly. This paper aims at highlighting the sources of problem, their consequences, and the solutions finally. Polar bears: The polar bears are characteristic feature and species of North Pole. With ever rising temperatures and melting ice glaciers, these polar bears are directly exposed to it and included in the list of extinct species. An inter related process which includes the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere by human activities namely the transportation means and industries which are increasing the global temperature and directly affecting the North Pole temperatures. The rapid destruction of ozone layer is another means of extinction of animals and birds. Some animals like polar bear need severe cold temperatures and piles of glacier to survive. With increase in temperatures the toll falls directly on the sensitive creatures. As the population grows, the mankind expands its grip on different lands and areas which were once thick forests and house of wild life. As a result of all this, the wild life is getting compromised and their resorts are getting minimal every growing day. The population growth means more demand for land and apparently more forest cutting. The population of the earth is rising at a staggering rate and has surpassed a seven billion digit quite easily. With population rise arises a natural demand for space and human population utilization. Hence a direct threat and sword at the forests. With increase in population means increase in the demands, increase in the resources exploration and naturally disturbances of the natural stratosphere for fulfilling

STRATEGIC MARKETING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

STRATEGIC MARKETING - Essay Example however, it seems that the company’s competitor’s have an upper hand in the market share mainly due to the fact that they have strong marketing strategies. To be at par with, or even at a better position than their competitors, the company needs to reevaluate their marketing strategy. Making use of strategic marketing practices such as strategic thinking will enable the organization to find out what their customers expect form them. Strategic Thinking BT has put in place a marketing plan for its technological products to the mass market. Although the products are doing quite well in the market place, there is room for improvement. Incorporating strategic thinking into the company’s marketing strategy will go a long way in improving the company’s competitive advantage. Strategic thinking can be defined as the process of thinking about transformations and how to prepare for them (Parvinen, Tikkanen, 2007). Strategic thinking will definitely help the company determine and understand the direction of the business and how to create a niche in the competitive marketplace. How can it help my company do a better job of ‘Marketing’? Strategic thinking will help the company be aware of industry changes that may affect its standing on the market and hence, its profitability (Alsem, 2006). The concept of strategic thinking in strategic marketing is very likely to increase the company’s profitability. Before placing products in the market, the company needs to know about the market operates. For instance, information regarding the consumers, pricing and competitors is very important in making a proper marketing plan. At BT Tech, the current marketing strategy can be greatly improved through the incorporation of strategic thinking in the whole marketing process. Strategic thinking will help the marketing team in the organization to know and understand the needs and expectations of the target market (Alsem, 2006). Successful mar keting is not possible without the consideration of how to reach the consumers. Strategic thinking will help the marketing team to not only identify the target market, but also understand their wants, how they reason and even how and where to reach them (West, Ford and Ibrahim, 2010). Knowing the target market well enough is essential if the company wants to reach them before their competitors do. Identifying and selecting a market niche is only the first step in marketing. The managers also need to strategically think about the best way of marketing the company’s products to its target market (Drummond, Ensor and Ashford, 2008). In this respect, the kind of products the company makes should be well designed to fit the needs and preferences of the market. There is no need of making a perfect strategic marketing plan when the product does not meet the needs of the customers (Parvinen, Tikkanen, 2007). Strategic thinking will therefore enable the company to produce products tha t will be well received in the market. In other words, the company will be able to produce and distribute products which will help it get ahead of the competition. Strategic thinking is also important when formulating promotional details for a specific product. In any marketing mix, promotion is a very important step as it is used to introduce products and their benefits to the audience (Drummond, Ensor

Offshore Catering Companies

Offshore Catering Companies The best way to break in the world of marine or oil rig employment is offshore catering companies. With no experience required on offshore locations, getting through the selection process is not tough either. As offshore catering companies provide catering operations in different countries, once can gain tremendous amount of experience and move up the employment ladder quickly as well. The term off-shoring has different meanings in different context. In regard with catering business, companies which relocate their business processes in different countries or provide catering services and solutions offshore are termed as offshore catering companies. The management and control of offshore catering companies is outside the jurisdiction of its primary location. These businesses are organized and maintained in offshore financial centers. Benefits of Offshore Catering Companies For a mobile workforce, food becomes the most important factor for productivity as well as well being. Traveling in sea or long hauls in abroad locations can leave any one asking for regular food which one has grown up and get accustomed to. Absence of such basic requirements can leave the workforce dejected and listless. Therefore any business set up with mobile workforce or foreign stays must hire an offshore catering company that can deliver quality food all the time with consistency in taste as well as hygiene. For a business, an offshore catering company takes care of the following things: On demand availability of food: There are times when a crew member celebrates his birthday or marriage ceremony or there is a general get together. In such conditions, nicely cooked food with some exoticness can add more sheen to the event and thus give the workforce a much needed break from the monotony of the work lifestyle. Presence of offshore catering companies on board thus can make a lot of difference in the way the crew celebrates events. Dedicated department with zero responsibility: As the food department belongs to an offshore catering company, the responsibility of arranging the infrastructure or the tools for cooking reduces to the bare minimum and the responsibility gets transferred to the offshore catering companies. Cost benefits: Needless to say, hiring an offshore catering company has many cost benefits as well. One doesnt need to set up the cooking infrastructure and bear the various overheads involved with the procurement of the raw materials and other things needed for the cooking process. However the benefits dont stop only for the companies hiring offshore catering companies, In fact the offshore companies enjoy various benefits as well such as: Tax discounts: The benefits of moving the business by offshore catering companies to an offshore location can be seen in terms of tax discounts they get by operating in offshore financial center. Less Paperwork: Another advantage of forming offshore catering companies is reduced hassles of paper work which leads to the less complicated running of operations. Also little reporting work is required for auditing and verification purposes in offshore companies. Confidentiality maintenance: By incorporating offshore catering companies one can keep the data about company structure and other affairs private which is not possible onshore. Thus offshore catering companies, when seen as a full fledged industry, which needs security of data and various financial benefits, becomes a nice ways for the regular catering companies to increase the span of their clients and services. Working in offshore catering companies Working in offshore catering companies can be highly exciting and rewarding but at the same time, quite demanding. Working for offshore catering companies requires extensive diligence and commitment. Catering work on offshore oil rigs is one of the popular jobs among jobseekers. An offshore oil company requires catering personnel like chefs, housekeeping staff and cooks on regular basis. Catering companies offer service offshoring for such requirements. The most important thing required to work in offshore catering companies is ability to handle pressure as working conditions are really challenging. The work involves the preparation and presentation of quality food, cleaning and sanitation tasks and maintenance of cordial customer relationship. Offshore catering companies require a proper back office system to track various catering activities. If you want to work in offshore catering companies then you may explore several options available apart from culinary stuff. You can get involved in activities like planning and coordination of catering events, communicating with customers about menu requirements, creating and verifying catering budget and monitoring the quality of food and ingredients used. There are number of work opportunities available in offshore catering companies like cooking, housekeeping, goods supply management, customer interaction etc. Apart from work experience one can benefit from some special training like first aid training and offshore survival training for getting hired in offshore catering companies. Opportunities for Catering Personnel working in offshore catering companies There are numerous opportunities available for catering personnel working offshore. Generally offshore catering companies get contract for offshore catering from different sectors. One of the important categories which require the services of offshore catering companies are oil rig companies. Offshore catering companies get requirement of catering staff from oil rigs not only for cooking but for a lot of other activities also, so opportunities for catering personnel are quite high and rewarding here. Listed below are some of the positions: Chef Head Cook: Chef Head Cook has the important responsibility of managing the whole kitchen and preparing good quality meals. The job requires experience because the task is to prepare sumptuous food in huge amount and that on regular basis as well. CampBoss: This is also a high level position that requires experience and is responsible for the management of whole offshore catering department.CampBossensures the smooth functioning of all the catering related activities and of course the preparation of healthy and nutritious food. There is catering staff which assists the camp boss in managing all this stuff. Housekeeping staff: Housekeeping and cleaning activities also come under the catering department in offshore companies. Offshore catering companies are required to provide housekeeping staff along with other staff. Their job involves cleaning and maintaining kitchen area, mess, recreational and sleeping halls. Night Baker: All the bread, muffins, desserts needed by crew is baked by the night baker. Offshore assistant Cook: Assistant cook helps the lead chef and also required to work as a night cook. He follows the instructions of master chef and prepares meals according to his recipes and guidelines. The options are not only many but voluminous as well. There are a plenty of offshore catering companies that generate a huge demand for such vacancies. However in order to get a job, one must show dexterity, multitasking, patience and high level of commitment.

Northampton Coursework – Delimiting the Central Business District

My study is located in Northampton, it is a large town with total population of 197,000 (according to the 2001 census), third largest in England at 21st largest settlement in England. It is located in the East midlands region of England, roughly 67 miles North West of London and lies on the river Nene which forms the border between Cambridgeshire and Norfolk and also is the ninth longest river in England and the twelfth longest in the United Kingdom. Northampton has Junctions 15,15a and a6 of M1 London to North Yorkshire. The A45 and A43 which have primary destinations to Coventry, Rugby, Wellingborough, Kettering and Corby. Northampton has railway services to London and Birmingham provided by London Midland and Virgin Trains. Sywell aerodrome is the nearest airfield which only has a grass runway but for international links, East midlands and Luton airport are quickly accessible via M1/M6 and also by train. Bus services are operated by Stagecoach, First Northampton and MK metro form Greyfriars Bus station in the town. History Northampton is the fastest growing town in England and has applied for city status. Traditionally was a shoe making and leather making town which decreased in 1960 but although some remain. Northampton in the past has been a secondary industry area but now is mainly a tertiary industry containing lots of services such as shopping malls cinemas and restraunts scattered around the town. Northampton has its own university named Northampton University. The town centre also contains many leisure and entertainment spots such as the Derngate theatre which has a capacity of 1200-1400 people at once. The Grosvenor centre and peacock place offer a large indoor shopping facilities however the market square offers an exceptional outdoor shopping facility. Local pubs also provide a great night out while on the other hand the sporting clubs offer a great chance to get involved. Theory There are two types of land use models, Hoyt model and the Burgess model. The Central Business District of a town or a city is usually located in the centre of the city or town. The CBD can be divided into two distinct concentric areas called the core and the Frame. The frame of the CBD has land uses such as office areas, some derelict land, limited light manufacturing, small shop/low grade, specialist services e.g. medical, etc. The core of the CBD is different to the frame because it contains low residential population, some vertical zoning with use of first/second floor, high density of pedestrians, concentration of banks/ business, etc. The PLVI is in the centre of the CBD and means Peak Land Value Intersection, meaning the place with the highest land value. In this investigation we are aiming to delimit the Central Business District of Northampton. Hypotheses 1. Over 70%of land use in the Grosvenor centre will be for high order comparison goods. 2. The highest pedestrian flows will be recorded on Abington Street. 3. The lowest Environmental quality scores will be recorded in the Greyfriars Area. 4. Environmental Quality will be highest in the Grosvenor centre. 5. The age of the buildings will decrease as you travel further form the CBD. 6. Highest traffic will be in the frame as there are car parks and major ring roads in the frame. Methodology (Data Collection techniques) We will collect data in Northampton on Friday the June 19, 2009. We will leave Weavers school at 9 am sharp and return back to school at 3 pm approximately. We will spend roughly 45 minutes in each of our study areas. We have split the centre of Northampton into 6 study areas and they are Greyfriars, Upper Abingdon Street, St Giles Street, Market Square, The Grosvenor Centre and Gold Street/Bridge Street. In each area we will organise ourselves into of 3-5 people so that we can collect data on land use, height of the buildings which will help us delimit the CBD of Northampton. These types of data are primary data but we may also look for sources of secondary data such as leaflets and maps. The selection of Northampton as our study area We chose Northampton as our study area for a number for reasons such as; * Northampton is convenient as it is only 8 miles from Wellingborough. * Northampton is familiar to us and we can revisit it if necessary to collect further information. * We believe Northampton is a typical of a large English town. * Northampton town is a manageable size to survey in a school day. * We have a particular interest in Northampton as it is our county town. * Northampton would be an easy place to study as we have all been there before a number of times. Hypothesises explained 1. Over 70% of the land use in the Grosvenor centre will be for high order comparison as only companies with high profits can afford the high land costs. 2. The highest pedestrian flows will be recorded on Abingdon Street as there are more services and shops for people to shop. 3. The lowest environmental quality scores will be recorded in the Greyfriars area as there is a bus station which pollutes it with air pollution. 4. Environmental Quality will be highest in the Grosvenor centre as it the major shopping area in Northampton. 5. The age of the buildings will decrease as you travel further from the CBD because it costs too much to rebuild as the land prices are high and so are the health and safety risks. 6. Highest traffic will be in the frame as there are car parks and major ring roads in the frame. Conducting a Land Use survey The purpose of conducting a land use survey is to discover the pattern of land use in the study area and attempt to map the edge of the frame and core of the CBD as this is the aim of the whole project. The procedure to conduct a land use is as follows: during the 45mins which are allowed in each of the 6 areas we code each building according to its land use with letters. The land use code varies e.g. PB for public buildings, LO for low order shops, etc. The type of data collected is qualitative as it describes type of use of each building. The advantage of this sort of data is that actually describes the type of building and is quick and easy however it doesn't tell an exact number of buildings in each category. The sampling technique is systematic as this ensures that the whole area is covered without gaps. Conducting a Traffic survey The Purpose of conducting of a traffic survey is to discover where the highest traffic counts are as theory suggests that they will be in the frame as there are lots of parking spaces. The procedure is as follows: Stand at a safe place by the side of the road and record the number of vehicles of different categories that pass you in each five minute period. The type of data is quantitative. The advantage of this sort of data is that it gives an exact number however it doesn't tell what type of vehicle it is, this would matter as if it is a local bus or a lorry are for business purposes while a car is for personal purposes. The sampling technique is systematic point sampling as we don't miss as vehicles which pass us. Conducting a Pedestrian count The purpose of conducting a pedestrian count is to discover where the highest pedestrian counts are as theory suggests they will be in the core of the CBD as there are lots of shops and services. The procedure is as follows: stand in a place where you can clearly see in both directions on the street and count the number of people that pass you in a five minute period using a tally chart. The type of data is collected is quantitative. The advantage of this sort of data is that is tells the exact number of people walking by however it doesn't tell what purpose are the people coming in the town for as this would show what is the use made by people of a particular area. The sampling technique is systematic point sampling so we don't miss any people which pass us. Conducting an Environmental quality survey The purpose of conducting an environmental quality survey is to assess the quality of the environment as in the theory the scores should be higher towards the centre of the CBD as there normally are regular cleaning schedules. The procedure is as follows: give each particular criteria a point on a 5 point rating scale which extends from +2 to -2, the criteria varies from visual impression to pollution etc. The type of data collected is quantitative. The advantage of this sort of data is that it tells exactly how polluted the area is however it doesn't tell what part of the CBD is polluted the most as there are no words and this matters because there is no point getting numbers but don't know where they come from. Data analysis and interpretation Land use- Area 1 The largest category of land use in area 1 is derelict with 21% of the total. This may be because of the current recession which affects the company's profits, closing them down. Other types of land use that are well represented include public buildings. This may be because there is good transport near it, the Greyfriars bus station in the area so the public can access the buildings. Therefore it is likely to be in the frame as it has good transport services. Land use- Area 2 The largest category of land use in area 2 is other services with 20% of the total. This may be because it has high pedestrian count, so more people can access it. Other types of land use that are well represented in area 2 include public buildings, offices and food shops. This may be because it has high pedestrian count, as it has lots of varieties of shops and services. Therefore it could be in the core as there are lots of services. Land use- Area 3 The largest category of land use in area 3 is offices with 15% of the total. This may be because it is a easily accessible area so people working in the office can access it. Other types of land use that are well represented in area 3 include financial services. This may be the fact it is mainly offices. Therefore it could be in the core as it has lots of financial services. Land use- Area 4 The largest category of the land use in the area 4 is public buildings. This may be because it is has lots of roads and a market square that people access normally, so a good place of public buildings that can be accessed be the local public. Other types of land use that are well represented in the area 4 include other services and high order comparison. This may be because, as it is next to the Grosvenor centre which his very high pedestrian counts, it is a location. Therefore this could be in the core as there are lots of services in the area. Land use- Area 5 The largest category of the land use in the area 5 is High Order shops with 40% of the total. This may be because as this area has high pedestrian flow so more people are likely to enter the shop and by goods. Other types of land use that are well represented in area 5 include Low order shops. This may be because as there is high pedestrian flow. Therefore this could be the PLVI as it is a prime shopping area with the most high order comparison shops. Land use- Area 6 The largest category of land use in area 1 is Other Services with 27% of the total. This may be because it is in a high pedestrian area and near major roads. Other types of land use that are well represented in area 6 include low order. This may be because this area is near Market square and Grosvenor centre. Therefore this could be in the core as it has quite a few services. Comparing Traffic flow in different areas The average value of number of vehicles that pass a fixed point in a minute is 41. The range of data was 92. The highest value recorded was 118 vehicles per 2 minutes at the top of Abington Street (area 2) near the A5123, this is 92 more than the lowest value and 77 more than the average. The lowest value was 26 at Drapery (area 4), this is 1 higher that bridge street (area 6) and 16 less than sheep street (area 1). As Grosvenor centre is a shopping centre, traffic flow is not applicable and the average and range were calculated excluding Grosvenor centre. Generally, as the distance from the Grosvenor centre increases so does the traffic flow. We expected to find the highest traffic flow in area 1 as there is a major bus station Greyfriars but instead we found that area 2 has the highest traffic flow. Comparing the Environmental quality of different areas The average environmental quality score was -2 while the range was 25. The highest score was 11 for the Grosvenor centre (area 5), which is 25 points higher than the lowest -14 at bridge street (area 6) and 13 higher than the average. Drapery (area 4) had a score of zero. Castilian Street (area 3) was the second lowest with -9, this 11 less than Abington Street and 7 more than Sheep Street (area 1). Generally, the further away from the Grosvenor centre lower the scores are. Grosvenor also had the best building condition and appearance but no plants or trees, while Bridge Street had the lowest building condition and appearance score also very polluted. We were expecting to find the Grosvenor centre the cleanest as it is the centre of the town and indeed we found Grosvenor centre to be the cleanest. Comparing the Age of buildings of different areas Most buildings were Post War (1946-1969). There were also a few Victorian (1830-1900) and Pre Victorian buildings (before 1830) dotted round the town. There were also some Pre World War 2 (1901-1945).However, the Grosvenor centre, the Multi-story car park, Job centre and few others are modern buildings (1970 -2009). As, so far the Grosvenor centre has been suggested by our data that it is the PLVI, normally the centre of the CBD is quite old and as you go further away the building age decreases. This is an anomaly that we have discovered because the centre of the CBD has the youngest buildings. We were expecting to find the PLVI/Core to be the oldest. Comparing the Pedestrian count of different areas The highest recorded count was 209 on Abington street (area 2) while the lowest on Hazelwood road (area 3) at just 3. Generally Area 2 has the highest count and so does the Grosvenor centre. We expected to find the highest count on Abington Street and indeed we did find that. The range of the data was 206 this suggests that the counts vary a lot from place to place. Looking back at our hypothesis Our first hypothesis was that â€Å"Over 70% of the land use in the Grosvenor centre will be for high order shops†. However, only 39% of the shops were high order which doesn't support the hypothesis but as Grosvenor has the highest percentage of high order comparison shops, it is the Peak Land Value Intersection at the centre of the central business district. Our second hypothesis was that â€Å"The highest pedestrian flows will be recorded on Abington Street†. Our data supports the hypothesis as the highest, 209 people, were recorded. This suggests that Abington Street is in the core of the CBD, also as it is a pedestrianised street it should definitely be in core. Our third hypothesis was that â€Å"The lowest environmental quality scores will be recorded in the Greyfriars area†. Our data challenges the hypothesis as the lowest score was recorded on Bridge Street. This suggests that Bridge Street is not in the core as it is not clean, generally the core of the CBD normally clean. Our fourth hypothesis was that â€Å"Environmental Quality will be highest in the Grosvenor centre†. Our data supports the hypothesis as Grosvenor centre scored 11 points, 25 more than the lowest. This suggests that Grosvenor centre is in the Core as it is the cleanest. Our fifth hypothesis was that â€Å"The age of the buildings will decrease as you travel further from the CBD†. Our data challenges this hypothesis, as the apparent PLVI is the Grosvenor centre, Grosvenor centre is a modern building (1970- 2009) while the building around it are mainly Post war (1946-1969). This suggests that Grosvenor centre is in the not in the CBD. Our sixth hypothesis was that â€Å"Highest traffic will be in the frame†. Our data shows that A5123 near Abington street has the highest traffic flow. This suggests that A5123 is in the frame as it has high traffic flow because frame has major ring roads and transport services. Reaching conclusions about the location of the core and the frame of the CBD Abington Street is definitely in the core because it has the highest pedestrian count also there are lots of high order shops. Grosvenor centre is also definitely in the core, in fact it is the Peak Land Value Intersection because it has the highest percentage of high order shops, and also it is the cleanest of all. A5123 road is definitely in the frame because it has the highest traffic flow. While, Greyfriars is also in the frame because it a major bus station, frame normally has lots transport services. Bridge street is also in the frame because has the poorest environmental quality. The boundary between the core and the frame is between Market Square and the Grosvenor centre, because market square is low order while Grosvenor centre is high order. The other boundary appears to be where Fish street meets St Giles street because there are much lower pedestrian counts and number of high order shops on St Giles street than on Fish street and Abington Street. Furthermore, The Junction near Abington street, A5123 is another boundary between the core and the frame because A5123 has the highest traffic flow while Abington street pedestriansed. There also another boundary, which is between the multistory car park (behind Grosvenor center) and the Grosvenor centre, as frame usually contains car parks while the Grosvenor is high order so it must be in the core. Evaluation of the investigation The investigation has been a success as we have rightfully discovered the extent of the core and the frame in the CBD also boundaries of the core and the frame. The collection of all the data and reaching the conclusion worked well as a part of the investigation because useful and understandable conclusions were reached also the data was effectively collected. The time period was quite short but long enough to get basic data, however for more accurate and precise data more places within the town should have been surveyed and for that longer time period would be needed. So at least 2 day trip should be organised the next time. Also we found the CBD being an anomaly as the youngest buildings were in the core, to improve this an another study place should be selected such as Milton Keynes. The results could also be compared with a similar case study in an LEDC as this would provide a greater comparison. The data might not be reliable as this data was collected during one of the worst recession, this increases the number of the derelict buildings and the total number of shops, offices, etc in the area. For example, a particular area in Northampton before the recession area could be full of high order shops but now because of recession it may be all derelict, so this affects the reliability. This is supported as we did find derelict shops even in the Grosvenor centre. The validity is also affected, the data is still valid because there wasn't an areas that was fully or mostly derelict, the impact of the recession was spread out not targeted in a particular area. We can trust our findings as these are all factual figures collected by ourselves.

Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality Essay

Running head: BIOLOGICAL AND HUMANISTIC APPROACHES TO PERSONALITY Mileva Repasky PSYC 250 Jean M. Porter University of Phoenix Personality can be defined as â€Å"the complex of all the attributes-behavioral, temperamental, emotional and mental-that characterizes a unique individual.† (Princeton University, n.d.) Personality has been studied and explained for a long time and is linked directly to Maslow’s humanistic and biological theories. This paper seeks to describe the biological factors that influence the formation of personality. It will also examine the basic aspects of humanistic theory that are incompatible with biological explanations of personality. The proponents of humanistic theory were Abraham Maslow and Carl†¦show more content†¦However as much as his ideas may look fulfilling, they are partially correct. The significance of environment cannot be ignored in personality assessment which the theory ignores. 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